THE ETIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, resulting in glucose intolerance. It occurs in 4-5 million persons in the United States (approximately 2% of the population). The classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus result from abnormal glucose metabolism. The lack of insulin activity results in failure of transfer of glucose from the plasma into the cells. This situation so called "starvation in the midst of plenty".
The body responds as if it were in the fasting state, with stimulation of glucogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis producing ketone bodies.The glucose absorbed during a meal is not metabolized at the normal rate and therefore accumulates in the blood (hyperglycemia) to be excreted in the urine (glycosuria). Glucose in the urine causes osmotic diuresis, leading to increase urine production (polyuria). Stimulation of protein breakdown to provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis results in muscle wasting and weight loss. These classic symptoms occur only in patients with severe insulin deficiency, most commonly in type I diabetes. Many patients with type II diabetes do not have these symptoms and present with one of the complications of diabetes.Generally, there are two types of diabetes: Type I Diabetes Mellitus (insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM).Type I Diabetes Mellitus (insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is due to destruction of pancreatic B cells.
The cause of B cell destruction in type I diabetes is unknown. A few cases have followed viral infections, most commonly with coxsakievirus B or mumps virus. Autoimmunity is believed to be the major mechanism involved. Islet cell autoantibodies are present in the serum of 90% of newly diagnosed cases. Such antibodies are directed against several cell components, including cytoplasmic and membrane antigens or against insulin itself (IgG and IgE antibodies).
Sensitized T lymphocytes with activity against B cells have also been demonstrated in some patients.Plasma insulin levels are very low or even absent in type I diabetes, and ketoacidosis develops if the patients do not receive exogenous insulin. Type I diabetes occurs most commonly in juveniles, with the highest incidence worldwide among the 10- to 14-year-old group, but occasionally occurs in adults, especially the nonobese and those who are elderly when hyperglycemia first appears.The etiology of type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) is even less clearly understood. Two factors have been identified: a) Impaired insulin release-basal secretion of insulin is often normal, but the rapid release of insulin follows a meal is greatly impaired, resulting in failure of normal handling of a carbohydrate load. In most patients, some level of insulin secretion is maintained, so that the abnormality of glucose metabolism is limited and ketoacidosis is uncommon. In these patients, insulin secretion can be stimulated by drugs such as sulfonylureas.
Exogenous insulin is therefore not essential in treatment. It also have been suggested that inheritance of a defective pattern of insulin secretion is responsible for the familial tendency of diabetes. The genetic factor is very strong in type II diabetes, with a history of diabetes present in about 50% of first degree relatives.b) Insulin resistance-a defect in the tissue response to insulin is believed to play a major role. This phenomenon is called insulin resistance and is caused by defective insulin receptors on the target cells. Insulin resistance occurs in association with obesity and pregnancy.
In normal individuals who become obese or pregnant, the B cells secrete increased amounts of insulin to compensate. Patients who have genetic susceptibility to diabetes cannot compensate because of their inherent defect in insulin secretion. Thus, type II diabetes is frequently precipitated by obesity and pregnancy. In a few patients with extreme insulin resistance, antibodies against the receptors have been demonstrated in plasma. These antibodies are mostly of the IgG class and act against the insulin receptors, causing the decreased numbers of insulin receptors and defective binding of insulin to receptors.Other specific types of diabetes mellitus includes maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), diabetes due to mutant insulin, diabetes due to mutant insulin receptors, diabetes mellitus associated with a mutation of mitochondrial DNA and obese type 2 patients..
<u>www.medical-explorer.com</u>VideoCentric extends its ADSL and SDSL Services to Include ISDN Access and Multi-way ZConferencing
London (ContentDesk) July 18, 2006 -- VideoCentric today announced that it is to boost its existing IPVision broadband video networks to include ISDN Gateway access and a Multi-site conferencing option for ADSL & SDSL customers.VideoCentric's existing IPVision broadband video networks are to be enhanced to include ISDN Gateway access and a Multi-site conferencing option for ADSL & SDSL customers.IPvision already allows business customers to make high quality video & voice calls over IP, using SDSL technology, but without the unacceptable levels of sharing (contention) normally associated with public internet services. IPVision gives an organisation its own high speed overlay network for real-time communication which does not interfere with existing data traffic or suffer any degradation when others activate data transfers. Where it is necessary to breakout to international ISDN-based video conferencing systems, IPVision provides free access to a H.323/H.320 gateway, ensuring customers...
VideoCentric extends its ADSL and SDSL Services to Include ISDN Access and Multi-way ZConferencing
Plasma tv > VideoCentric extends its ADSL and SDSL Services to Include ISDN Access and Multi-way ZConferencing
Mystical Wonders Metaphysical Community
(ContentDesk) September 5, 2005 -- Mystical Wonders which previously existed on Yahoo (since June, 2003) have migrated to their own server to handle the tons of visitors seeking quality free Discussions/Information on all Mystical Topics.This is no simple site. It really is an amazing & diverse community for anyone interested in anything new age & metaphysical related.Thousands of subscribers have already jumped to register for free and are benefitting from diverse discussions, sharing techniques, discoveries & quality information.It's a place for people of all fields to converse and share Ideas, Techniques and Secret Discoveries in Radionics, Psionics, Psychotronics, Metaphysics, Magick, Mind Control, Remote Viewing, Remote Influence, Manifesting, Reality Bending, Sorcery, Astral Travel, Time Travel, Brainwave Entertainment, ESP, Zero Point Energy, Tesla's Inventions, Sacred Geometry, Thoughtforms, Constructs, Servitors, Familar Spirits, Pyramids, Invisibility, Levitation, Telepathy,...
Mystical Wonders Metaphysical Community
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Heidelberg Instruments Installs A Laser Lithography System With Large Area Grey Scale Exposure Capability
Heidelberg, Germany (ContentDesk) June 23, 2006 -- Heidelberg Instruments, a leader in design, development and production of laser lithography systems, announced the installation of a MW800 system with grey scale exposure capability at a major Japanese based customer. This system will be used for production of advanced display and micro optic devices.The MW800 laser lithography system, with the grey scale exposure capability, will be able to expose patterns up to 800 mm by 700 mm with 128 grey levels.
One of the major applications of the grey scale exposure feature is to form Micro Lens Array structures directly on the photoresist for advanced display industries. We started working on the grey scale exposure technology over 6 years ago when it was incorporated on our smaller DWL66 based systems, mainly for various projects in the research and development environments.
In recent years we have worked extensively to implement this technology for commercial based applications...
Plasma tv > Heidelberg Instruments Installs A Laser Lithography System With Large Area Grey Scale Exposure Capability
Mystical Wonders Metaphysical Community
(ContentDesk) September 5, 2005 -- Mystical Wonders which previously existed on Yahoo (since June, 2003) have migrated to their own server to handle the tons of visitors seeking quality free Discussions/Information on all Mystical Topics.This is no simple site. It really is an amazing & diverse community for anyone interested in anything new age & metaphysical related.Thousands of subscribers have already jumped to register for free and are benefitting from diverse discussions, sharing techniques, discoveries & quality information.It's a place for people of all fields to converse and share Ideas, Techniques and Secret Discoveries in Radionics, Psionics, Psychotronics, Metaphysics, Magick, Mind Control, Remote Viewing, Remote Influence, Manifesting, Reality Bending, Sorcery, Astral Travel, Time Travel, Brainwave Entertainment, ESP, Zero Point Energy, Tesla's Inventions, Sacred Geometry, Thoughtforms, Constructs, Servitors, Familar Spirits, Pyramids, Invisibility, Levitation, Telepathy,...
Mystical Wonders Metaphysical Community
Plasma tv > Mystical Wonders Metaphysical Community
UAMS Myeloma Researchers on Team Analyzing Disease's Genetic Fingerprints -- Cancer Cell Publishes Work That Could Lead to New Treatments
Little Rock, AR (ContentDesk) April 11, 2006 -- Researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS -- http://www.uams.edu) are part of a team that has identified that multiple myeloma (http://myeloma.uams.edu), a cancer of the blood, could actually be several different diseases at the cellular level with a potential for genetically targeted treatments that could extend to other forms of cancer.The research is published in the April 2006 issue of journal Cancer Cell. The article, "Tracking genome changes during cancer initiation, progression and treatment sheds light on multiple myeloma," is now available online at http://www.cancercell.org/.UAMS myeloma researcher John D. Shaughnessy Jr., Ph.D., was one of three lead authors of the study, along with Ron A. DePinho, M.D., of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard...
UAMS Myeloma Researchers on Team Analyzing Disease's Genetic Fingerprints -- Cancer Cell Publishes Work That Could Lead to New Treatments
Plasma tv > UAMS Myeloma Researchers on Team Analyzing Disease's Genetic Fingerprints -- Cancer Cell Publishes Work That Could Lead to New Treatments
Contractor?s A/V.com to Launch Online Product and Technical Help Resource! -- The Contractor's and Homeowner's Best Friend.TM
Redondo Beach, CA (ContentDesk) August 12, 2004 -- Contractor's A/V.com (CAV) announced today the official launch of their innovative online shopping and technical support service scheduled for September 1, 2004. It provides a one-stop source for all of a customer's audio, video, media, and security needs for the "Tech home" and "Tech life" industry. By design, it appeals to customers ranging from system contractors to "Do-It-Yourselfer's." Either way, CAV offers a broad range of products and very valuable technical help that can make a substantial difference in a customer's media system cost, quality, and ease of installation. The key focus for the each customer's experience is "Simplicity," as CAV's objective is to make the complex world of technology integration as simple as possible.The greatest "Value added" feature is CAV's free "Technical Help" to customers, either by phone or e-mail, which adds significant value to a customer's purchase. This resource can be an invaluable means...
Contractor?s A/V.com to Launch Online Product and Technical Help Resource! -- The Contractor's and Homeowner's Best Friend.TM
Plasma tv > Contractor?s A/V.com to Launch Online Product and Technical Help Resource! -- The Contractor's and Homeowner's Best Friend.TM
The Twelve Tips of Christmas Shopping Online from DealofDay.com
With the holiday shopping season in full gear, consumers are eager to find the best deals and get the most bang for their buck. Joel Comm, owner of http://www.Dealofday.com, a popular bargain-hunting site since 1999, is pleased to present these twelve useful tips for holiday cheer while saving money online.1. Tap the collective wisdom of seasoned bargain shoppers on message forums. Site such as http://forums.DealofDay.com feature interactive member forums discussing topics such as Internet deals, how to find free stuff, and coupon clipping. 2.
Seek out online coupons provided by merchants eager to provide special discounts and offers. It is not uncommon to find discounts of $50 or more on purchases made online.
While not a secret, the key is knowing where to find the coupon codes.
Bargain-hunting sites frequently maintain a database of hundreds of...
Plasma tv > The Twelve Tips of Christmas Shopping Online from DealofDay.com
SMARTboard VideoConferencing Solutions Launched by VideoCentric
VideoCentric has announced that it is now offering a series of six newly integrated SMART Board Solutions for Schools, Colleges, Universities, Training Organisations and Board-rooms which allow the lecturer to make Video Conference and Video Streaming calls, by dialling out on the touch controlled screen or lectern.The SMARTboard-VC packages come in a variety of forms to suit those who already have SMARTBoards and projectors installed, or those who are considering front or rear projection interactive whiteboards for the first time. All packages offer high quality, advanced pan, tilt & zoom features, H.323 IP broadband connectivity with H.320 ISDN options, and they use the new H.264 standard to improve quality at lower call speeds. The familiar SMART- Technologies tools are supplied with each bundle and teachers can even reach remote students by streaming a video lesson directly to one or many Internet PCs. SMARTboard-VC Lite
- An entry-level package for small groups, costing...
Plasma tv > SMARTboard VideoConferencing Solutions Launched by VideoCentric
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